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2023. N 21
History of Sociology
Individual, Family, Society
Transgenderism: Rent Seeking
The first part of the article reveals the origins of genderism as a variety of social constructivism. It is shown that the ideology of transgenderism occupies a very important place in it. Under the slogan of the struggle against the oppression of the minority and the propaganda of anti-scientific views, it turns this minority into a caste of the elect, imputing to society its vision of the world. In the second part of the article, transgenderism is described in economic terms as a rent seeking. It is considered as a struggle for privileges and their implementations, including their monetization. In the final third part of the article, the foundations of the gender revolution are reviewed. The rapid growth of the share of transgender people in the last decade is largely due to the rent seeking, and not the change in human nature. Also rent seeking determines business behavior, extracting rents from this growth. However, ideological grounds are still primary. They are treated in the article as transformed revolutionary ideals of the 20th century, aimed at the mobilization of the “new oppressed” as the instrument of the rule of law destruction.
Methods of data analysis
The National Corpus of the Russian Language as a Source Base for Social and Humanitarian Researches
The title of the article directly reflects its purpose: to present the National Corpus of the Russian Language (NCRL, Corpus) as an information base for research in the socio-humanitarian profile. Currently, the Corpus has a volume of over two billion words usages and is an information and reference system based on a collection of Russian-language texts created from the beginning of the 18th century to 2010, representing the Russian language within the specified time limits. The NCRL reflects the whole variety of genres, styles, social and territorial variants of our language, covering fiction and scientific literature, essays, journalism, public speaking, etc. The texts of the second half of the 20th — early 21st centuries are presented in the Corpus most fully and diversely. The article highlights two main areas of modern scientific research using NCRS both as a source of empirical information and at the same time as a research tool. The first has a distinct linguistic orientation and is associated with turning to the Corpus when teaching Russian and foreign languages, in the analysis of dialects and sociolects, when immersed in the field of theory and practice of language translation. The corpus also makes it possible to track changes in the language norm and other language parameters over a certain period of time. The second direction is formed by studies of a clearly social profile, associated with the diagnosis of social consciousness and its transformations. With the help of the NCRS, its huge, in the thousands and tens of thousands of units of analysis, data arrays, equipped with the necessary statistics, the conclusions obtained in sociological surveys, discourse studies, associative experiments performed on fairly limited samples are reliably verified. Autonomous appeals to the Corpus are also of indisputable value, providing the most important information about the attitude of the bearers of Russian linguistic culture to various social institutions, processes, phenomena and subjects. The article provides examples of such studies associated with a number of key political concepts, such as officials, law enforcement agencies, corruption, politicians, the elite and compatriots.
Problems of the Network Approach in Sociology
The network approach in sociology is considered as the idea of the network arrangement of sociological knowledge. Numerous versions of the network approach can be found in the literature, typical of which can be considered: social network analysis, relational sociology and actor-network theory. At the same time, there are attempts to explain the specifics of the network approach in terms of general systems theory. The article explores the problem-oriented basis for the network approach in sociology. As a key problem, the author analyzes the inconsistency of the scientific principles of creation and functioning of, on the one hand, a narrative, i.e. a generally accepted sociological tool, and on the other hand, the idea of a network, i.e. a purely informational concept, articulated in various sociological studies with varying degrees of formality. The article interprets the network approach in sociology as a problematic of the conceptual transition from the narrative, which, according to the sociological tradition, initially describes certain social processes, to a specific network representation of these processes. The reasons why the idea of a network, verbally included in the name of the entire approach, are thought of primarily metaphorically are analyzed. The main reason is the lack of a generally recognized concept of a network that can combine in a single analytical procedure, on the one hand, the semantic relations of the sociological narrative, on the other hand, the apparatus of discrete representation of sociological knowledge, called the network within the framework of the approach under consideration.
Sociology of Culture
Reading Practices in the Context of Communication Processes Transformation
The article dwells on current trends in the dynamics of reading practices and describes the traditions of theoretical and empirical research conducted in this area. The results of representative surveys indicate the emergence of age-related differences in reading practices, concerning not only the pragmatic reasons for choosing a reading format (digital / paper), but also the subject’s attitudes that predetermine the emergence of interest in a book, evaluation of its content and further translation of perceived meanings. Among the most compelling reasons for the observed age differentiation are not only the technical and technological consequences of the information and communication sphere development, but also profound transformations of the sociocultural context, worldviews and individual value orientations of different generations representatives. A pilot study conducted with an online survey allowed us to identify promising directions for further research, the main of which is the analysis of age and demographic differences in the ways of interaction with the social environment, the involvement of closely related ties in the processes of selection, interpretation and translation of literary heritage.
Students Interests in the Field of Social and Humanitarian Problems
The article is devoted to student preferences in social and humanitarian issues, presented in the educational activity in the classroom. The author examines the content of students reports at seminars on human science disciplines. As a result of the analysis of empirical material, the main groups of topics in the field of social science that are important for young students have been identified. An attempt is made to typify these interests. It has been established that the priority area is existential questions about the essence of man, his place in the world, the meaning of life, death and the idea of immortality. Some new, recent trends in thematic blocks that are subjectively and emotionally relevant for students are characterized. It is shown that in a complex rapidly changing reality, the actual task of growing up is the need for social and personal identity.
Digital Fashion: Sociological Aspects of Research
Modem society is characterized by the development of computer information technology and telecommunications systems. One of the areas changing due to digitalization is the fashion industry. The development of new technologies, the coronavirus pandemic and the closure of physical stores have led to the phenomenon of digital fashion. This phenomenon is part of a larger trend called Fashion Tech. Fashion Tech is a new industry created at the intersection of fashion and modern innovative technology. This paper describes changes in the market of professions and requirements for designers’ work, and also reveals the peculiarities of interaction between social space and virtual reality. The concept of hybrid reality is introduced. The empirical study of designers’ opinions allowed to determine universal and narrowly focused practices of interaction with digital fashion. The problematic aspects in the development and popularization of digital fashion, such as the lack of technical equipment and the absence of a unified platform for the use of virtual closet items, as well as the low level of people’s awareness of this phenomenon, were described. Digital fashion is defined as a phenomenon that can become a source of inspiration and dictators of trends for designers of the physical world, creating prospects for self-realization and commercialization in the virtual space. A complete understanding of the phenomenon of digital fashion and its impact on modern society is given, and possible directions of its development are defined.
Scientific Life
Review of the scientific seminar “Modernization and Innovative Development of Cities and the Urban Sphere of Labor”
On May 23, a scientific seminar “Modernization and innovative development of cities and the urban sphere of work” was held. This seminar brought together more than 30 participants from different regions of Russia. The purpose of this event is to update current trends in labor research and innovative development of territories. The event was held in a hybrid format: online and offline. Three sections were announced in the program: “Educational technologies in the development of the human potential of the territory”, The section was devoted to theoretical and practical issues of the human potential of cities and regions, considered from the standpoint of interdisciplinary dialogue. The topics of the role of vocational education in the training of modern personnel, new technologies in improving the quality of training, etc. were touched upon. “Past, present, future of Cities”, the section was devoted to the issues of understanding urban spaces and urban development in modern conditions. “Methodological and applied aspects of employment and social and labor relations”. The work of this section was built around social and labor relations in various aspects: from applied to philosophical and prognostic. Within the framework of the seminar, it was possible to hold an interesting discussion about the features of innovative development of cities and regions, as well as to consider the topic of social and labor relations. The importance of a comprehensive study of the sphere of labor and employment in the context of territorial features and drivers of development characteristic of certain territories was emphasized.
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