2010. N 2

Using references for 1783 articles from ten American non-specialized sociological journals, the study conducted divisive cluster analysis of these data in order to elucidate a cognitive structure of contemporary American sociology. 84 clusters were obtained and 83 of them were identified as corresponding to some area (or several areas) of sociology (75 clusters) or as interdisciplinary and belonging to an adjacent social discipline (10 clusters). Certain correlation was found between the identified clusters and sections of the American Sociological Association that form an institutional structure of American sociology as well as between the clusters and the other scholastic organizations and between the clusters and scholastic journals. At the same time, names of twenty sections of ASA out of 47 did not find correspondence among the obtained clusters, and names of eighteen clusters did not correlate with names of ASA’s sections. Thus there is only partial association between cognitive and institutional structures of American sociology. At the same time, one can observe links between many of identified cIusters with other American and international scholastic organizations and journals.

The paper is devoted to the tendencies of changes the modern urban families in Russia. The main factors are described which could be stimulated such changes. It given the explanations as global as specific tendencies in the frame in the family changes which are underestimated nowadays.

There are two radical positions in the sociological problem “Human and Society”. The first one is that the society has a dominant role. The second one that a human has a dominant role, as a human has a demands which should be satisfied. It is necessity to provide the orders of coordination between different interest of human and society. What arise a social changes and what are mechanisms — the aims of research project “Biography and the history of society in the process of social transformation”.

Paper is based on the results of focus-groups carried out within the framework of comparative international project «Social Inequality and Why it matters for the Economic and Democratic Development of Europe and Its Citizens: Post-Communist Central and Eastern Europe in Comparative Perspective» (2006-2009). Paper is devoted to the analysis of ways of alleviation of social inequality in Russia and Belarus suggested by respondents. The economic and political means of social inequality’s softening are singled out and the role of social and political institutions in the lessening of social inequality in both countries is examined.

Competition-based funding of researches through the Russian Foundation for Basic Research became new institute of the national science and technological policy in 1993. Individual scientists or research teams were able to win additional funding for their researches through a competition. The author collected data on all the RFBR’s research grants received by scientists in St Petersburg from 1993 to 2007. The analysis of the data made possible to determine the level of the scientists’ participation in the new competition mechanism, identify St Petersburg’s research specialization and the research activity of individual scientists, organizations and institutional sectors (government, higher education, business, enterprise), as well as extent and tempo of emergence of the new scientist leaders who run the grants. The analysis has suggested that since the first years St Petersburg researchers have learned quickly how to deal with the competition-based allocation method of funding, new in Russia. The most active in getting grants are the government sector researchers and doing research in physics and biology.

This paper presents the results of the study among prostitutes in two Russian cities (Saint-Petersburg and Orenburg). The study includes social-demographical in formation, data about addictive and sexual behavior, and information about medical and social services which actual for this group. The main focus on this paper is on the regional feature of prostitutes’ characteristics and sex-industry which must be taken into account in case of prevention planning.